Moving averages, RSI, and MACD are all technical indicators — figures calculated purely from a security's own past price (and sometimes volume) history, rather than from anything reported about the underlying business. This app calculates and displays four: the 50-day and 200-day simple moving averages, the 14-period Relative Strength Index (RSI), and MACD together with its signal line.

A simple moving average (SMA) is the average closing price over a fixed number of the most recent sessions — the 50-day SMA averages the last 50 sessions' closes, the 200-day SMA the last 200. Because it's an average, a moving average changes more slowly than the price itself, smoothing out day-to-day movement to show the broader direction underneath it. The 50-day SMA reacts to recent price change faster than the 200-day SMA, simply because it's averaging over a shorter window.

RSI (Relative Strength Index) measures the size of a security's recent gains relative to its recent losses over a set window — 14 sessions, in this app's case — and expresses the result as a number between 0 and 100. A higher RSI reflects a period where gains have been larger or more frequent than losses; a lower RSI reflects the reverse. RSI is commonly described using the terms "overbought" (conventionally, above 70) and "oversold" (conventionally, below 30) — labels for how one-sided recent price movement has been over that window, not a statement about where the price is headed from here.

MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) is the difference between two exponential moving averages of price — conventionally the 12-period and 26-period EMAs — plotted as its own line. An exponential moving average weights recent sessions more heavily than older ones, so it responds to new price movement faster than a simple moving average does. The MACD signal line is a further exponential moving average — conventionally 9-period — of the MACD line itself, one step removed from price. Because MACD combines two moving averages with different speeds, it reflects both the current trend and how that trend's momentum is changing, which a single moving average alone doesn't capture.

All of these indicators describe what price has already done, over whichever window they're calculated across — none of them incorporate anything about a company's revenue, profit, or balance sheet. That's also their limitation: a change in the underlying business shows up in price only after the market has reacted to it, and a technical indicator built purely from price will always be reading that reaction after the fact, not the underlying event itself.